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Zika fever is an illness caused by the Zika virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae. The fever and virus are named after the Ugandan forest where the virus was first isolated. ==Epidemiology== The virus is commonly found in Africa but has also been found in Malaysia and Micronesia, including Yap Island from April to July, 2007. In May 2015, Brazil officially reported its first 16 cases of the illness.〔Globo News May 14, 2015, Brazilian Health Ministry confirms first cases of zika in two states, http://g1.globo.com/bemestar/noticia/2015/05/ministerio-da-saude-confirma-16-casos-de-zika-virus-no-brasil.html〕 According to the Brazilian Health Ministry, as of November 2015 there was no official count of the number of people infected with the virus in Brazil, the disease being not subject to compulsory notification. Even so, cases were reported in 14 States of the country. The Ministry also confirmed 〔 (In Portuguese) Governo confirma relação entre zika vírus e epidemia de microcefalia http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2015/11/151127_confirma_zika_microcefalia_mdb 〕 the previously suspected connection between zika infection by pregnant women and newborn microcephaly, with a full 1,248 reported cases of microcephaly in the country as of 01 December 2015, and 7 fatalities 〔 (In Portuguese) País registra 1.248 casos de microcefalia e sete mortes; maioria em PE http://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2015/11/30/pais-tem-1248-casos-de-microcefalia-ligacao-com-virus-zika-e-confirmada.htm 〕. The very first known case of Zika fever was in a sentinel rhesus monkey stationed on a tree platform in the Zika Forest in Uganda in 1947. A few outbreaks have been reported in tropical Africa and in some areas in Southeast Asia.〔Simpson, DIH. Zika virus infection in man (1964). Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 58:335-338.〕 The first major outbreak, with 185 confirmed cases, was reported in 2007 in the Yap Islands of the Federated States of Micronesia. This was also the first time Zika fever had been reported outside Africa and Asia. In 1978 a small outbreak of acute fever in Indonesia due to Zika virus infection was described. The main clinical symptoms in patients are fever, conjunctivitis, transient arthritis/arthralgia (mainly in the smaller joints of the hands and feet) and maculopapular rash that often starts on the face and then spreads throughout the body. In general the disease symptoms are mild and short-lasting (2–7 days). There is no evidence that Zika infection affects pregnant women or their babies. However, there are very few case reports in the literature.〔Duffy MR, Chen TH, Hancock WT, et al. Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia (2009). The New England Journal of Medicine. 360:2536-43, http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/360/24/2536.pdf〕 The first known outbreak outside of Africa and Asia has been reported on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) from April to July 2007. A total of 108 cases were confirmed by PCR or serology and 72 additional cases were suspected. The most common symptoms were rash, fever, arthralgia and conjunctivitis, and no deaths were reported. The mosquito ''Aedes hensilli'', which was the predominant species identified in Yap during the outbreak, was probably the main vector of transmission. While the way of introduction of the virus on Yap Island remains uncertain, it is likely to have happened through introduction of infected mosquitoes or a viraemic human.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zika fever」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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